Tracking Nordic Clean Energy Progress 2025
In 2019, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden signed a joint Declaration on Nordic Carbon Neutrality, committing to make the Nordic countries carbon neutral, in line with the COP21 Paris Climate Agreement. To support this commitment, Nordic Energy Research commissioned the Nordic Clean Energy Scenarios in 2021. The aim of the study was to identify and help prioritise, through scenario modeling, which necessary actions to pursue before 2030 and to map potential long-term pathways to carbon neutrality.
Tracking Nordic Clean Energy Progress 2025 shows the status of the four scenarios developed in the study four years later. By examining country-specific energy data for Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, the report provides information on what progress has been made in critical sectors such as power, heating, transport, industry, and energy storage. It also provides insights into where action is still needed and how these efforts intersect to achieve carbon neutrality.
The rate at which CO₂ emissions are decreasing in the Nordics is promising, and notable progress has been made in several sectors. However, there are still many uncertainties that risk altering the Nordic path to carbon neutrality. As non-CO₂ emissions are lagging and emissions from LULUCF are moving in the wrong direction, greater efforts will be needed to stay on track.